Discover American Samoa's Most Fascinating Historical Landmarks
With a history dating back to the ancient Polynesian civilisation of the Lapita, American Samoa LINK#TT038 has a wealth of intriguing historical sites and landmarks.
According to the National University of Samoa, around 79 "star mounds" are said to be scattered across American Samoa, dating back some thousand years.
On the other hand, monuments to American Samoa's more recent colonial history can be found all over the nation's capital, Pago Pago .
Find ancient ruins used for pigeon hunting, 20th-century architecture, legendary sites of the first Polynesians, and more in this list of historical sites in American Samoa.
Table of Contents
1.Tia Seu Lupe Tia Seu Lupe (Pago Pago & Tutuila)
One of the best-maintained and accessible star mounds in American Samoa, Tia Seu Lupe is a must-visit for history buffs and casual travellers alike.
Tia Seu Lupe translates to "earthen mound to catch pigeons", so you can guess the purpose of this ancient stone mound.
This remarkably preserved archaeological site features a viewing platform that allows you to appreciate both tiers of the star mound's intricate construction. The elevated vantage point also provides stunning views across to Matafao Peak, the tallest point on Tutuila.
What makes this historic site particularly special is its location adjacent to a pristine rainforest reserve, creating a perfect mix of historical insights and natural beauty in one easily accessible location.
Fatuoaiga, Tafuna, Tutuila. Near St Mary Catholic Church. Head towards Tradewinds Hotel, take the second road to the right and park by the statue at the end of the road.
You'll find between 140 and 300 star mounds scattered across Samoa and American Samoa (the exact number varies depending on which source you consult, but there are definitely plenty to discover!).
These fascinating structures get their name from the one to 11 ray-like projections that extend from their base. Made of stone or earth, they range from 6 m (20 ft) to 30 m (98 ft) long and can reach up to 3 m (10 ft) high.
The most widely accepted theory is that these mounds were used for pigeon-snaring, which was an important traditional sport for matai (chiefs). However, other theories suggest they served ritual purposes related to marriage, healing and warfare.
Whatever their original purpose, these ancient structures remain one of the most intriguing archaeological mysteries in the Pacific.
2.Governor's House Governor's House (Pago Pago & Tutuila)
A fabulous piece of colonial architecture still in use today is the Governor's House in Pago Pago.
Perched majestically atop Maunga o Ali'i (Chief's Hill), this magnificent two-storey colonial mansion has served as the official residence of American Samoa's governors since 1903. Built by skilled Samoan workers under Naval supervision, the 10,400 ft² (967 m²) wooden structure showcases stunning colonial architecture and offers breathtaking panoramic views across the island.
This National Historic Landmark tells the fascinating story of American Samoa's political evolution, from its days housing Naval commanders to becoming the Department of Interior's territorial seat in 1951. Following a comprehensive US$2 million renovation in 2003, the mansion has been restored to its former glory, preserving its historical significance while maintaining its role as the current governor's residence.
Tours of this remarkable piece of Pacific history can be arranged through the Governor's Office or local tour operators, where you can learn many more stories about the colonial architecture and territorial governance.
Fagatogo, Pago Pago, Tutuila.
3.Courthouse of American Samoa Courthouse of American Samoa (Pago Pago & Tutuila)
Another architectural marvel, the Courthouse of American Samoa is another worthwhile photo opportunity.
A striking two-storey wooden courthouse, this architectural gem has stood the test of time (and cyclones, tropical downpours, termites and what have you) for over a century.
Built between 1900 and 1904 for US$46,000, this handsome colonial structure originally housed the territorial executive and naval offices before becoming home to the judiciary. The building underwent expansion in 1929 and received a comprehensive renovation in 1975, ensuring its preservation for future generations.
Listed on the US National Register of Historic Places, the courthouse features classic colonial architecture with its distinctive wooden frame construction.
Route 001, Fagatogo, Pago Pago, Tutuila. On the harbourfront next to the Fish Market.
4.Turtle & Shark Site Turtle & Shark Site (Pago Pago & Tutuila)
Perched along a dramatic stretch of black lava rock coastline, the Turtle & Shark Site in Vaitogi village is home to Tutuila's most beloved legend.
According to locals, there are many versions of this captivating story, but one tells of a young husband from Upolu (Samoa) who was selected as a "guest of honour" for a cannibalistic feast by King Malietoa Faiga. The husband declined the invitation, so he and his wife set out in a canoe to escape, but a storm blew them to Tutuila, where the pulenu'u of 'Ili'ili, Letuli, took them in.
When cannibalism became outlawed, Letuli offered them a free trip home, but they refused and repaid his kindness by jumping into the sea (?!) —the husband transforming into a shark and the wife into a turtle.
Today, it's said that if the villagers sing, a turtle and a shark will magically appear in the waters below.
Vaitogi, Tutuila. Take Route 010 all the way to the coast. Take the turn-off beside the cemetery.
5.Leone EFKAS Church - Siona Le Mauga Paia Leone EFKAS Church (Pago Pago & Tutuila)
As the first, and therefore the oldest, church in American Samoa, Leone's EFKAS Church, also known as the Siona Le Mauga Paia, is well worth a visit for its historical significance.
As the oldest church in American Samoa, it's a remarkable testament to the islands' devotion to Christianity.
Built to commemorate missionary John Williams' historic arrival on 18 October 1832, this beautifully maintained church offers visitors a glimpse into the spiritual heart of American Samoan culture. The interior is absolutely stunning, featuring intricate stained glass windows that cast colourful light across the sanctuary and exquisite woodwork adorning the ceiling.
A monument to John Williams stands proudly at the front of the church, serving as a reminder of the pivotal moment when Christianity was introduced to American Samoa.
Needless to say, if you're looking for a place to experience one of American Samoa's iconic church services, this is a top contender.
Route 003, Leone, Tutuila
6.Saua Site Saua Site (Manu'a Islands)
Along the east coast of Ta'ū, the Saua Site is perhaps American Samoa's most legendary site, where it's said that life itself began.
According to ancient tradition, this windswept stretch of volcanic coastline is where the legendary god Tagaloa first created humans before sending them across the vast Pacific to populate Polynesia.
The site also holds the distinction of being where the first Tu'i (king) of the Manu'a Islands was crowned, cementing its importance in Samoan royal history.
Dramatic volcanic boulders scattered along the wave-battered shore create a mystical atmosphere that perfectly complements the site's spiritual significance.
Archaeological discoveries have revealed fascinating remnants of an ancient village nearby, along with traditional grave sites extending south towards Si'u Point, offering tangible connections to the area's fascinating history.
East coast of Ta'ū, approximately 2.5 km (1.6 mi) from Fiti'uta village.
Who is Tagaloa?
While many Samoans embrace the scientific theory that Polynesians migrated to the Pacific from Southeast Asia, there's a beautiful creation story that runs much deeper in Samoan culture.
According to traditional oral history, Samoa was created by Tagaloa, a tale that shares striking similarities with the Christian Book of Genesis (and one of the theories of why Samoans were quick to embrace the missionaries' gospel).
The story goes that Tagaloa existed in complete emptiness before creating rock. As this rock broke apart, the earth, sea and sky came into being.
He then breathed life into the first man and woman: Fatu (meaning heart) and 'Ele'ele (meaning earth), commanding them to populate the rock near a freshwater spring.
Tagaloa created night and day, then established kings called "Tu'i Manu'a tele ma Samoa atoa" (King of Manu'a and all of Samoa) to govern the people.
The islands were divided into groups: first, Manu'a, Fiji, Tonga and Savai'i, then later Upolu and Tutuila when Tagaloa realised there was too much of a gap between Savai'i and Manu'a.
This is precisely why Manu'a holds such sacred significance today: it's considered the spiritual centre of all Polynesia.
7.Tu'i Manu'a Graves Monument Tu'i Manu'a Graves (Manu'a Islands)
Take a look at the Manu'a Islands' most significant historical site at the Tu'i Manu'a Graves Monument, where the last kings of Manu'a rest in eternal dignity.
This sacred burial ground tells the poignant story of Tui Manu'a Elisala, the Samoan leader whose signature granted the United States sovereignty over these islands, and who declared that the last of the tu'i line would die with him rather than surrender his people's independence.
The monument features a rectangular stone platform standing 0.91 m (3 ft) high, housing four or five royal graves marked by smoothed stone squares and a distinctive marble column.
Listed on the National Register of Historic Places, this site offers visitors a profound connection to the complex history of American Samoa's transition from independent kingdom to US territory.
Coastal Road, Luma, Ta'ū, Ta'ū Island, Manu'a Islands
More About Historical Sites and Landmarks in American Samoa
Now that you know some of the fascinating historical sites in American Samoa, how about finding more through the following guides:
- 10 Best Cultural Activities in American Samoa LINK#TTD002
- The Best Museums in American Samoa
- 5 Best Churches in American Samoa to Experience as a Visitor LINK#TTD006
Finally, complete your itinerary with the 101 Best Things to Do in American Samoa: The Ultimate List LINK#TTD066.
